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beth what are you doing i'm trying to

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create a sonic boom airplanes like the

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sr-71 once they break the sound barrier

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there's this great sonic boom well you

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can break the sound barrier with a

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bullwhip when you hear that crack that's

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actually sonic boom i'm just not very

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see that's not too hard

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no i guess i'm just gonna need some

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practice yeah a little bit of practice

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you'll be good at it you have some time

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yeah about 30 minutes

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this is 70.

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now i'm going to teach you to whip

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now

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i'm not going to do the stinky leg

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this is 7 30.

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hi i'm beth and i'm marty and we are

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coming to you live from the stephen f

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udvarhazy center now to get started

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today we'd first like to welcome our

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in-house audience which is farmwell

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station middle school these guys have

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some great questions prepared to ask our

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experts today and this is where we need

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you our viewers at home to submit

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questions as well submit them online we

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have an expert standing by ready to

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answer those questions and some of them

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we might even use on the show now this

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museum is incredible here we can house

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objects that are too large for the

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downtown museum objects like the

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concorde and the enola gay and the space

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shuttle discovery which actually

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launched the hubble space telescope into

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low earth orbit but today we'll be

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talking about the lockheed martin sr-71

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blackbird this plane is amazing made

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mostly of titanium it is so cool this is

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actually an sr-71 toy that i had when i

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was a kid and i used to play with it all

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the time to get a chance to be close to

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this plane is really really cool now

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recently beth and i had a chance to talk

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with one of the pilots colonel buzz

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carpenter and listen to some of his

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memories about flying this this exact

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plane let's hear what he had to say

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i'm joined today by buzz carpenter who's

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a docent here at the udvar hazy center

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but also flew the sr-71 thank you so

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much for joining us today beth it's my

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pleasure to be here now would you tell

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me a little bit how were you recruited

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to fly the sr-71 beth it's an

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interesting story

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i graduated from the air force academy

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in 1967

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and one of the blackbirds flew by for

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our graduation ceremonies

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and i'd seen the airplane earlier when i

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was doing kind of a cadet internship at

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edwards air force base but i really

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never expected to fly the airplane

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on my way to vietnam and i'm flying

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tactical reconnaissance rf4s i met a

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colonel jerry o'malley it turns out he

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flew the first operational mission in

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the sr-71 out of okinawa japan

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and uh i would later serve under him and

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he uh

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kind of told me he said you're the kind

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of guy

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i think we're looking for

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but you're way too young and you don't

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have enough flying hours so i

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became stationed at okinawa japan and

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flew as much as i possibly could you had

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to be a volunteer so you submitted an

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application to beale air force base in

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northern california

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and you included your personnel record

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your medical record and your flight

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record and you hoped as they reviewed it

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they would find something interesting

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and that they would call you back for a

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week-long evaluation so i was called

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back

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uh

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i was delighted the first two days were

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an astronaut's physical wow then you had

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a series of interviews and then as a

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pilot

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i had to fly with two or three of the

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current sr-71 pilots in the companion

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trainer the t-38 to see how i handled

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the airplane

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i left at the end of the week the wing

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commander said everything looks okay

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you know

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we'll get back with you and

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about four months later i received a

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telegram in japan in december of six of

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uh 74 that i would be coming to beale in

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july 75 and start training in this

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airplane yeah i have a funny question

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how did you heat up your lunch in this

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you could heat up your lunch if you want

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because it looked like a tube of

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toothpaste

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and you put on actually i have it in my

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pocket

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a tube like this you screwed it on

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you broke the seal and then you could

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hold this whole thing against the the

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window because my window was about 580

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degrees because the way the airplane

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heated so that was one way if you had a

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meal that you could heat it actually in

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the cockpit when you think of all the

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missions you flew what's one that stands

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out which was one of your favorite ones

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in march of 79

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it's almost like the news today the

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saudi arabians and the yemenis were

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fighting along with some of the others

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and the satellites were not in the right

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position so it was the first time the

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british or your any europeans allowed us

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to fly out of europe into the middle

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east and come back there so this is

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probably the most memorable mission and

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president carter

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monitored the mission the whole way

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the interesting thing is the french

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wouldn't let us overfly so instead of

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flying out of england and cutting across

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france into the mediterranean i had to

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fly around portugal and spain so it

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ended up being nine hours and 45 minutes

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and five sets of refuelings and two of

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the sets of tankers came out of egypt

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they didn't they looked like regular

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tankers so the egyptians were not aware

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of exactly what we were doing collecting

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the information

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now i understand there's an origin story

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that these things were called habu

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that's correct

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they were first flown the a12 which was

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the single seat

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cia predecessor they built beautiful

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facilities on at kadena air base on the

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island of okinawa in japan

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when the japanese saw this airplane when

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it takes off it's black

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it takes off rather steeply it looks

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like

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snake on the island that's very

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poisonous that's called a habu so the

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japanese started calling this airplane

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the habu

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the name stuck because the air force

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never

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came up with a different name to it

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other than calling it the blackberry we

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called the blackbird right exactly thank

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you so much for joining us today i am

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delighted to be here

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we're now joined by dr lane carafantas a

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curator here at the national air and

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space museum thanks so much for talking

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with us today glad to be here now the

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sr-71 wasn't necessarily the first spy

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plane there were a few predecessors to

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it right that's true in the post-war

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years the cia wanted to find a way to

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take pictures over the soviet union to

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see what sort of air defense systems

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they had what sort of planes they were

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building and so one of the designers at

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lockheed created the u-2 which was a

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very high-flying reconnaissance aircraft

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now unfortunately the u2 flew very

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slowly so there was a high probability

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it would get shot down and one

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eventually did so before the u2's

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tour was even fully over

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the

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division at lockheed was already trying

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to come up with a design for a plane

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that would both be high-flying and very

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very fast and this one definitely fits

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that bill is very very fast now kelly

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johnson was instrumental in getting this

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off the ground can you tell us about him

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yeah kelly johnson was one of the lead

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designers at skunk works which was a

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division of of lockheed and he was

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responsible for designing the p80 the

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the u2 the sr-71 and a number of other

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very very famous planes

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now um

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you mentioned skunk works and there's a

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skunk on the tail here can you tell us

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that story

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right uh during world war ii there was a

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need for a very secret jet to be

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developed and lockheed was asked hey

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could you put together some designs for

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us but it has to be done under the

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utmost secrecy

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so uh there was a division a part of

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lockheed that was dedicated to creating

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these craft and the engineers that were

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there were told you can't tell anybody

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about this it's a very very secret

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project you're working on and at the

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time there was a comic strip called

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little abner and within this comic strip

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a very mysterious part of the forest

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where secret things were created was

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called skunk work so the story goes that

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one day an engineer answered the phone

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skunk works and then the nickname just

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stuck awesome are you ready to take some

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questions sure all right let's start

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with a video question my name is noah

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and my question is how many sr-71

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blackbirds failed in the making and what

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was the hardest piece of technology to

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make or obtain

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yeah great i wouldn't say that any of

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the blackbirds were failures there were

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a few that were lost in test flights but

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there were 32 blackbirds made and they

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were all fired at thousands and

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thousands of times and not one was lost

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to enemy fire over the years

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as far as the really difficult

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technologies that were able to make or

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obtain almost every component of this

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aircraft was innovated and so um you can

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talk about the the titanium that was

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used the cameras almost every aspect of

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this craft was difficult and innovative

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wow all right how about an online

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question

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how long does it take the sr-71 to

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accelerate to top speed mach 3 that's a

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great question actually the the black

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bird will accelerate to about 200 miles

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per hour before it takes off of the

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runway and then after seven minutes or

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so it needs to be immediately refueled

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because the the fuel have

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been leaking out of it so far it gets up

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to about 35 000 feet and it is refueled

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and then after 20 minutes or so it will

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accelerate from 350 miles per hour to

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more than mach 3. wow that's incredible

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all right we've got an audience question

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are there plans to make a new and

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improved blackbird if so what would they

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change

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any plans for a new and improved

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blackbird oh that's a really good

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question actually lockheed is trying to

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propose a follow-up to the sr-71 which

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would be called the sr-72 even though

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it'd be a

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really altogether different craft it

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would be just as large as the sr-71 but

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it would be unmanned and it would also

276
00:11:38,630 --> 00:11:36,000
go even faster than this plane already

277
00:11:42,230 --> 00:11:38,640
goes it would be going hypersonic which

278
00:11:45,430 --> 00:11:42,240
is faster than mach 6. wow that's

279
00:11:48,790 --> 00:11:45,440
unbelievable now if uh you can actually

280
00:11:50,310 --> 00:11:48,800
find sr-71s and and uh a12s around the

281
00:11:51,670 --> 00:11:50,320
country at different museums we

282
00:11:53,190 --> 00:11:51,680
encourage you to look around and find a

283
00:11:55,509 --> 00:11:53,200
museum that has one because this plane

284
00:11:56,949 --> 00:11:55,519
is super cool now recently i had a

285
00:11:58,550 --> 00:11:56,959
chance to talk with one of the pilots

286
00:12:00,470 --> 00:11:58,560
buzz carpenter and we walked around the

287
00:12:02,550 --> 00:12:00,480
plane and we started out by looking at

288
00:12:04,069 --> 00:12:02,560
the cameras and the nose of this plane

289
00:12:05,269 --> 00:12:04,079
check this out

290
00:12:07,030 --> 00:12:05,279
well now we're going to get a chance to

291
00:12:09,269 --> 00:12:07,040
actually walk around the plane with buzz

292
00:12:11,829 --> 00:12:09,279
carpet who actually flew it now

293
00:12:13,910 --> 00:12:11,839
this nose cone comes off doesn't it it's

294
00:12:15,590 --> 00:12:13,920
actually three noses there's a training

295
00:12:19,509 --> 00:12:15,600
nose that looks like the nose you see

296
00:12:22,710 --> 00:12:19,519
there the radar nose has a similar uh

297
00:12:24,629 --> 00:12:22,720
external view and if the optical camera

298
00:12:27,350 --> 00:12:24,639
was in we called it the country's camera

299
00:12:29,190 --> 00:12:27,360
because it took a picture 72 miles wide

300
00:12:31,430 --> 00:12:29,200
there was a big glass window that came

301
00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:31,440
along the hole from either side of the

302
00:12:36,550 --> 00:12:34,000
nose that the camera fit into

303
00:12:38,710 --> 00:12:36,560
now four bolts held this on only four

304
00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:38,720
bolts held the nose on because the air

305
00:12:42,710 --> 00:12:40,240
pressure as you're flying along is

306
00:12:44,470 --> 00:12:42,720
keeping the nose very firmly in place

307
00:12:46,470 --> 00:12:44,480
and the four bolts is all they required

308
00:12:48,710 --> 00:12:46,480
which had made it easier on the ground

309
00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:48,720
for them to swap out noses if the

310
00:12:52,069 --> 00:12:50,480
mission was changed now tell me about

311
00:12:53,590 --> 00:12:52,079
the camera that would be on board here

312
00:12:54,310 --> 00:12:53,600
there was a little bit of film in there

313
00:12:56,310 --> 00:12:54,320
right

314
00:12:59,269 --> 00:12:56,320
the camera in the nose which took that

315
00:13:01,670 --> 00:12:59,279
picture 72 miles wide the film itself

316
00:13:04,870 --> 00:13:01,680
was five inches wide

317
00:13:05,990 --> 00:13:04,880
two miles long so when you landed and

318
00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:06,000
the

319
00:13:09,269 --> 00:13:07,760
photo maintenance people took it down

320
00:13:09,990 --> 00:13:09,279
they had quite a job because they had to

321
00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:10,000
take

322
00:13:13,030 --> 00:13:12,160
the nose and the film back to the photo

323
00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:13,040
lab

324
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:15,360
cut it into 500 foot lengths put on

325
00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:17,680
cotton surgical gloves go the whole

326
00:13:21,670 --> 00:13:19,200
length of the film to make sure there's

327
00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:21,680
no cuts or tears and then put it in for

328
00:13:25,110 --> 00:13:23,680
processing so it wasn't a very fast

329
00:13:26,470 --> 00:13:25,120
process to get the pictures back to

330
00:13:28,310 --> 00:13:26,480
somebody on the ground to actually look

331
00:13:30,790 --> 00:13:28,320
at that's correct and that's part of the

332
00:13:33,030 --> 00:13:30,800
reason this airplane was retired because

333
00:13:34,790 --> 00:13:33,040
it took a while hours sometimes measured

334
00:13:37,030 --> 00:13:34,800
in days to get the information that had

335
00:13:39,110 --> 00:13:37,040
been requested to the people who who had

336
00:13:41,509 --> 00:13:39,120
requested it

337
00:13:42,949 --> 00:13:41,519
and now i'm joined by james david he is

338
00:13:44,710 --> 00:13:42,959
one of the curators here at the national

339
00:13:46,069 --> 00:13:44,720
air and space museum jim thank you so

340
00:13:47,509 --> 00:13:46,079
much for being here with us today glad

341
00:13:50,310 --> 00:13:47,519
to be here do you want to tell us a

342
00:13:53,910 --> 00:13:50,320
little bit about what this plane did

343
00:13:55,110 --> 00:13:53,920
what the sr-71 did as with the u-2 and

344
00:13:57,430 --> 00:13:55,120
a-12

345
00:14:00,310 --> 00:13:57,440
that lane mentioned and some planes that

346
00:14:01,750 --> 00:14:00,320
flew at lower altitudes they collected

347
00:14:04,949 --> 00:14:01,760
information

348
00:14:07,750 --> 00:14:04,959
and in the case of the sr-71

349
00:14:10,870 --> 00:14:07,760
that was mostly photographs very very

350
00:14:13,189 --> 00:14:10,880
important for a military to photograph

351
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:13,199
areas of the world and not just do it

352
00:14:19,030 --> 00:14:16,240
once but to do it repeatedly

353
00:14:20,310 --> 00:14:19,040
okay go ahead for example

354
00:14:25,189 --> 00:14:20,320
airfields

355
00:14:27,509 --> 00:14:25,199
planes are on them

356
00:14:29,590 --> 00:14:27,519
what sort of defensive weapons do they

357
00:14:32,629 --> 00:14:29,600
have around them so those are the kind

358
00:14:34,949 --> 00:14:32,639
of things that sr-71 and these other

359
00:14:37,110 --> 00:14:34,959
aircraft photographed

360
00:14:39,750 --> 00:14:37,120
now buzz mentioned that there was a

361
00:14:41,750 --> 00:14:39,760
radar and a camera why would you need a

362
00:14:44,230 --> 00:14:41,760
camera on a plane that or why would you

363
00:14:47,269 --> 00:14:44,240
need a radar on a plane that was taking

364
00:14:49,509 --> 00:14:47,279
photos well the nodes of the sr-71

365
00:14:50,550 --> 00:14:49,519
carried either a camera

366
00:14:53,509 --> 00:14:50,560
or

367
00:14:57,030 --> 00:14:53,519
a radar imager and there was a separate

368
00:14:59,509 --> 00:14:57,040
camera that flew on all sr-71s further

369
00:15:02,389 --> 00:14:59,519
back on the fuselage

370
00:15:05,590 --> 00:15:02,399
but the advantage of radar

371
00:15:06,790 --> 00:15:05,600
over an ordinary camera is is that a

372
00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:06,800
radar

373
00:15:11,990 --> 00:15:09,040
can capture an image

374
00:15:15,110 --> 00:15:12,000
at night or in bad weather the cameras

375
00:15:17,590 --> 00:15:15,120
can operate at night or in bad weather

376
00:15:19,750 --> 00:15:17,600
but all they're taking pictures of are

377
00:15:22,230 --> 00:15:19,760
cloud cover or the blackness of the

378
00:15:23,189 --> 00:15:22,240
earth with the electric lights of a few

379
00:15:25,189 --> 00:15:23,199
towns

380
00:15:27,670 --> 00:15:25,199
and that's not the kind of information

381
00:15:31,110 --> 00:15:27,680
that the people who run the program want

382
00:15:34,230 --> 00:15:31,120
to get now these were not digital images

383
00:15:36,310 --> 00:15:34,240
so correct this is a piece of film so we

384
00:15:38,629 --> 00:15:36,320
would put this film in

385
00:15:40,710 --> 00:15:38,639
and it would have to come back and be

386
00:15:43,110 --> 00:15:40,720
processed and

387
00:15:45,590 --> 00:15:43,120
once it's processed then what happens

388
00:15:49,030 --> 00:15:45,600
well just let me say beth that this is

389
00:15:51,749 --> 00:15:49,040
70 millimeter film which the cameras

390
00:15:53,590 --> 00:15:51,759
towards the rear of the plane used

391
00:15:54,389 --> 00:15:53,600
when they flew a camera in the nose of

392
00:15:57,030 --> 00:15:54,399
the plane

393
00:15:58,629 --> 00:15:57,040
they flew film a five inch

394
00:16:00,710 --> 00:15:58,639
width

395
00:16:03,269 --> 00:16:00,720
but once the film came back and was

396
00:16:06,629 --> 00:16:03,279
developed and a lot of people don't

397
00:16:09,189 --> 00:16:06,639
understand film today because very very

398
00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:09,199
few people use it everybody has digital

399
00:16:12,710 --> 00:16:10,240
cameras

400
00:16:15,110 --> 00:16:12,720
but it has to be developed and then as

401
00:16:17,829 --> 00:16:15,120
buzz said it was cut into sections and

402
00:16:20,389 --> 00:16:17,839
then highly trained men and women looked

403
00:16:22,710 --> 00:16:20,399
at it on various pieces of equipment

404
00:16:26,069 --> 00:16:22,720
including light tables and they went

405
00:16:28,470 --> 00:16:26,079
through these long rolls of film looking

406
00:16:30,389 --> 00:16:28,480
for airfields and naval bases and

407
00:16:33,430 --> 00:16:30,399
missile complexes

408
00:16:35,350 --> 00:16:33,440
and new roads in the jungle and all

409
00:16:37,990 --> 00:16:35,360
sorts of things like that

410
00:16:40,389 --> 00:16:38,000
so this wasn't an easy job it was not by

411
00:16:43,030 --> 00:16:40,399
any means and it was complicated because

412
00:16:44,069 --> 00:16:43,040
some countries tried to camouflage their

413
00:16:46,710 --> 00:16:44,079
activities

414
00:16:49,269 --> 00:16:46,720
and so the analysts had to determine

415
00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:49,279
when that was going on well this looks

416
00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:52,480
like just uh an ordinary forest but we

417
00:16:58,069 --> 00:16:54,800
have a couple roads going into it and

418
00:16:59,590 --> 00:16:58,079
maybe there's some hidden activity there

419
00:17:01,749 --> 00:16:59,600
okay jim do you want to take some

420
00:17:03,350 --> 00:17:01,759
questions certainly okay let's start

421
00:17:05,829 --> 00:17:03,360
with the video question

422
00:17:08,230 --> 00:17:05,839
my name is felix and my question is how

423
00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:08,240
is the stealth technology in the sr-71

424
00:17:13,189 --> 00:17:10,160
used in today's aircraft

425
00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:13,199
well the sr-71 was not a stealth

426
00:17:18,390 --> 00:17:15,679
aircraft it incorporated some

427
00:17:20,870 --> 00:17:18,400
early stealth features to

428
00:17:22,870 --> 00:17:20,880
cut down on the radar cross section and

429
00:17:25,510 --> 00:17:22,880
make it less detectable

430
00:17:27,270 --> 00:17:25,520
by countries we were flying over but

431
00:17:30,150 --> 00:17:27,280
today we have completely stealth

432
00:17:34,630 --> 00:17:30,160
aircraft the f-117 fighter

433
00:17:36,870 --> 00:17:34,640
and two bombers uh but sr-71

434
00:17:39,029 --> 00:17:36,880
was a stepping stone in in the

435
00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:39,039
development of that technology for those

436
00:17:44,310 --> 00:17:41,200
completely stealth aircraft

437
00:17:47,590 --> 00:17:44,320
let's take an online question

438
00:17:48,950 --> 00:17:47,600
what was a normal mission like

439
00:17:51,430 --> 00:17:48,960
all missions

440
00:17:53,990 --> 00:17:51,440
sr-71 or any other

441
00:17:57,029 --> 00:17:54,000
aircraft that collected intelligence for

442
00:17:59,590 --> 00:17:57,039
that matter was highly planned

443
00:18:01,830 --> 00:17:59,600
and they did not want to fly around

444
00:18:03,909 --> 00:18:01,840
surface-to-air missile sites and things

445
00:18:05,270 --> 00:18:03,919
like that but at the same time the

446
00:18:06,950 --> 00:18:05,280
aircraft

447
00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:06,960
and the crew was tasked with

448
00:18:10,710 --> 00:18:08,400
photographing

449
00:18:12,549 --> 00:18:10,720
certain targets on earth so they were

450
00:18:14,070 --> 00:18:12,559
highly planned

451
00:18:16,710 --> 00:18:14,080
and of course in part they were

452
00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:16,720
dependent on weather

453
00:18:22,150 --> 00:18:18,320
all right

454
00:18:25,190 --> 00:18:22,160
good and so uh uh if everything was a go

455
00:18:28,549 --> 00:18:25,200
weather-wise and so on and so forth

456
00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:28,559
uh the mission would would uh take place

457
00:18:34,710 --> 00:18:31,840
and as as buzz said some of the missions

458
00:18:37,110 --> 00:18:34,720
were 9 10 11 hours long wow

459
00:18:38,390 --> 00:18:37,120
we have a an audience question what's

460
00:18:40,870 --> 00:18:38,400
your question

461
00:18:44,310 --> 00:18:40,880
was the sr-71 kept a secret from other

462
00:18:46,789 --> 00:18:44,320
countries and if so how was it done

463
00:18:48,710 --> 00:18:46,799
the sr-71

464
00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:48,720
was not kept a secret from other

465
00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:50,880
countries the world knew about it

466
00:18:54,630 --> 00:18:52,960
actually beginning in

467
00:18:57,110 --> 00:18:54,640
1964.

468
00:18:59,669 --> 00:18:57,120
they knew about the plane but the

469
00:19:01,350 --> 00:18:59,679
individual missions or flights

470
00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:01,360
were highly secret

471
00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:02,880
because you didn't want to tell the

472
00:19:06,789 --> 00:19:05,360
countries you were flying over that we'd

473
00:19:09,190 --> 00:19:06,799
be flying over

474
00:19:11,110 --> 00:19:09,200
at 10 o'clock local time tomorrow

475
00:19:13,750 --> 00:19:11,120
morning and then they could get their

476
00:19:15,590 --> 00:19:13,760
defenses ready now some countries knew

477
00:19:17,510 --> 00:19:15,600
they were being overflown because they

478
00:19:19,590 --> 00:19:17,520
had radars on the ground and things like

479
00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:19,600
that but you never give advance warning

480
00:19:22,830 --> 00:19:21,520
of that but the world knew about the

481
00:19:25,430 --> 00:19:22,840
existence of the

482
00:19:27,110 --> 00:19:25,440
airplane thank you sure

483
00:19:29,350 --> 00:19:27,120
now jim you

484
00:19:31,190 --> 00:19:29,360
went over how much work it was to look

485
00:19:33,510 --> 00:19:31,200
at these photographs and we've got a

486
00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:33,520
couple and marty is with some students

487
00:19:36,789 --> 00:19:35,360
and they are actually taking a look at

488
00:19:38,789 --> 00:19:36,799
some photos so marty do you want to tell

489
00:19:40,230 --> 00:19:38,799
us what's going on terrific sure beth so

490
00:19:41,830 --> 00:19:40,240
we've got a couple of images here you

491
00:19:43,590 --> 00:19:41,840
guys go ahead and start looking at these

492
00:19:46,310 --> 00:19:43,600
these are images similar to what might

493
00:19:48,150 --> 00:19:46,320
have been brought back by an sr-71 and

494
00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:48,160
these guys are no longer students they

495
00:19:52,470 --> 00:19:50,080
are analysts they are looking at these

496
00:19:54,310 --> 00:19:52,480
images seeing what they find so caitlin

497
00:19:57,909 --> 00:19:54,320
what do you see on this image

498
00:19:58,950 --> 00:19:57,919
um i think that this is an airfield okay

499
00:20:00,150 --> 00:19:58,960
you've got an airfield what did you

500
00:20:01,990 --> 00:20:00,160
notice over here

501
00:20:03,909 --> 00:20:02,000
rivers mountains

502
00:20:06,230 --> 00:20:03,919
maybe some land over there okay great so

503
00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:06,240
you guys found some really interesting

504
00:20:10,149 --> 00:20:08,000
geographic features but then kailyn

505
00:20:11,590 --> 00:20:10,159
jumped right in and found an airfield

506
00:20:13,029 --> 00:20:11,600
and that's exactly what we're looking

507
00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:13,039
for we're looking for targets of

508
00:20:17,190 --> 00:20:15,520
military importance to see what other

509
00:20:19,270 --> 00:20:17,200
countries are doing

510
00:20:21,029 --> 00:20:19,280
with either airfields or even ports to

511
00:20:22,310 --> 00:20:21,039
look for submarines all kinds of

512
00:20:26,149 --> 00:20:22,320
different things you guys did a really

513
00:20:27,990 --> 00:20:26,159
nice job being analysts on this now

514
00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:28,000
i want you to help me with this okay so

515
00:20:31,830 --> 00:20:29,840
what we've got here is a metal sphere

516
00:20:33,029 --> 00:20:31,840
and a metal ring now do those two fit

517
00:20:34,789 --> 00:20:33,039
together

518
00:20:37,110 --> 00:20:34,799
yeah so the sphere goes right through

519
00:20:39,430 --> 00:20:37,120
the ring and we're going to start

520
00:20:41,669 --> 00:20:39,440
heating this sphere up to see what

521
00:20:42,870 --> 00:20:41,679
happens to it so let's go ahead and turn

522
00:20:43,750 --> 00:20:42,880
this on go and hold that right over

523
00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:43,760
there

524
00:20:47,270 --> 00:20:44,640
all right

525
00:20:50,070 --> 00:20:47,280
so we're getting uh all warmed up here

526
00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:50,080
beth what's going on over with you

527
00:20:54,310 --> 00:20:52,640
well i'm now joined by titanium expert

528
00:20:56,310 --> 00:20:54,320
stan siegel thank you so much for being

529
00:21:00,470 --> 00:20:56,320
here today it's my pleasure

530
00:21:03,110 --> 00:21:00,480
stan why was titanium a good choice

531
00:21:05,029 --> 00:21:03,120
uh as the medal for the sr-71

532
00:21:07,029 --> 00:21:05,039
well we've seen that the mission is very

533
00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:07,039
difficult yes

534
00:21:11,190 --> 00:21:08,960
the metal that we choose has to be very

535
00:21:14,070 --> 00:21:11,200
light to get to these heights it has to

536
00:21:15,750 --> 00:21:14,080
be very strong at these speeds and also

537
00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:15,760
there's a lot of heating occurring so it

538
00:21:18,870 --> 00:21:17,600
has to have good strength at high

539
00:21:20,630 --> 00:21:18,880
temperatures

540
00:21:24,070 --> 00:21:20,640
so in looking at it there were three

541
00:21:25,669 --> 00:21:24,080
choices and i have these choices here

542
00:21:28,310 --> 00:21:25,679
i have aluminum

543
00:21:30,230 --> 00:21:28,320
titanium and steel

544
00:21:32,710 --> 00:21:30,240
now there are two common things about

545
00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:32,720
what i have in front of me here first of

546
00:21:38,630 --> 00:21:36,720
all the diameters are all the same right

547
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:38,640
the other thing that's the same they all

548
00:21:42,149 --> 00:21:40,720
weigh the same

549
00:21:43,350 --> 00:21:42,159
so look at that

550
00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:43,360
if you're going to build an aircraft

551
00:21:46,789 --> 00:21:44,880
this is aluminum wouldn't this be the

552
00:21:48,710 --> 00:21:46,799
logical material to use

553
00:21:51,430 --> 00:21:48,720
however this plane

554
00:21:54,310 --> 00:21:51,440
the skin is over 500 fahrenheit

555
00:21:56,070 --> 00:21:54,320
and aluminum is not really good over 250

556
00:21:59,029 --> 00:21:56,080
it gets too soft

557
00:22:01,830 --> 00:21:59,039
so that limits the use of this to uh

558
00:22:04,310 --> 00:22:01,840
lower speeds like mach 2 and that was

559
00:22:06,950 --> 00:22:04,320
the concorde which is also in this

560
00:22:09,909 --> 00:22:06,960
museum so it was built out of aluminum

561
00:22:12,789 --> 00:22:09,919
so choices that we now have are two

562
00:22:14,789 --> 00:22:12,799
steel and titanium and the titanium is

563
00:22:16,630 --> 00:22:14,799
almost half the weight so what are you

564
00:22:18,630 --> 00:22:16,640
going to build it up these are two

565
00:22:21,430 --> 00:22:18,640
strong metals and they're good at high

566
00:22:23,750 --> 00:22:21,440
temperatures so it became titanium this

567
00:22:24,830 --> 00:22:23,760
plane is 93

568
00:22:29,190 --> 00:22:24,840
by weight

569
00:22:30,149 --> 00:22:29,200
titanium now titanium is used for other

570
00:22:32,870 --> 00:22:30,159
things

571
00:22:34,390 --> 00:22:32,880
commercially and you have something

572
00:22:36,149 --> 00:22:34,400
funny here do you want to tell us a

573
00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:36,159
little bit about this

574
00:22:38,950 --> 00:22:37,360
yes that

575
00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:38,960
maybe somebody might guess what that

576
00:22:43,909 --> 00:22:40,960
shape is for

577
00:22:45,590 --> 00:22:43,919
and it is a straw

578
00:22:48,310 --> 00:22:45,600
a titanium straw

579
00:22:50,950 --> 00:22:48,320
beyonce insisted that they have titanium

580
00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:50,960
straws on one of her world tours

581
00:22:55,029 --> 00:22:52,960
now that's not a big market for titanium

582
00:22:57,750 --> 00:22:55,039
because you know what other materials

583
00:23:00,390 --> 00:22:57,760
can be used as a straw plastic and this

584
00:23:02,070 --> 00:23:00,400
is very expensive straw by the way but

585
00:23:04,390 --> 00:23:02,080
there are other applications when

586
00:23:05,430 --> 00:23:04,400
titanium was first industrialized in the

587
00:23:07,270 --> 00:23:05,440
50s

588
00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:07,280
it was all military

589
00:23:10,710 --> 00:23:08,960
and gradually

590
00:23:12,390 --> 00:23:10,720
and it was military aerospace and

591
00:23:15,750 --> 00:23:12,400
gradually it got into commercial

592
00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:15,760
airspace and today about 50 percent of

593
00:23:19,990 --> 00:23:18,240
all the titanium is used in aerospace

594
00:23:22,470 --> 00:23:20,000
applications

595
00:23:25,029 --> 00:23:22,480
now that leaves another 50 for other new

596
00:23:26,549 --> 00:23:25,039
applications and that that includes

597
00:23:28,870 --> 00:23:26,559
the chemical industry and heat

598
00:23:30,950 --> 00:23:28,880
exchangers and vessels

599
00:23:33,029 --> 00:23:30,960
for production of many different types

600
00:23:35,190 --> 00:23:33,039
of chemicals like chlorine but there's

601
00:23:37,669 --> 00:23:35,200
also some consumer applications which

602
00:23:40,390 --> 00:23:37,679
are sort of interesting which include

603
00:23:42,710 --> 00:23:40,400
this but that's very minor but titanium

604
00:23:46,230 --> 00:23:42,720
maybe you've heard of golf club heads of

605
00:23:47,990 --> 00:23:46,240
titanium and it's uh used as exhausts

606
00:23:50,789 --> 00:23:48,000
and motorcycles

607
00:23:53,190 --> 00:23:50,799
and probably more important is what's

608
00:23:55,430 --> 00:23:53,200
used in the body because titanium has

609
00:23:57,430 --> 00:23:55,440
excellent corrosion resistance

610
00:24:00,470 --> 00:23:57,440
and it likes the body

611
00:24:03,269 --> 00:24:00,480
and as a result knee replacements

612
00:24:05,990 --> 00:24:03,279
hip replacements and also structures and

613
00:24:08,710 --> 00:24:06,000
replacing bones in the body are now

614
00:24:10,950 --> 00:24:08,720
usually titanium so they're

615
00:24:13,830 --> 00:24:10,960
better applications than drinking stress

616
00:24:15,430 --> 00:24:13,840
that's right okay well buzz and marty as

617
00:24:18,549 --> 00:24:15,440
they were walking around noticed

618
00:24:20,549 --> 00:24:18,559
something interesting on the sr-71 skin

619
00:24:22,149 --> 00:24:20,559
let's see what they found out well we've

620
00:24:23,830 --> 00:24:22,159
moved a lot closer to the plane and as

621
00:24:25,669 --> 00:24:23,840
you get closer you can see there are

622
00:24:27,430 --> 00:24:25,679
some pretty significant gaps here can

623
00:24:29,830 --> 00:24:27,440
you tell us about those

624
00:24:32,710 --> 00:24:29,840
because of the heating on the airplane

625
00:24:34,230 --> 00:24:32,720
an average temperature over 600 degrees

626
00:24:36,310 --> 00:24:34,240
overhead here this is the most

627
00:24:38,149 --> 00:24:36,320
significant gap the airplane grows three

628
00:24:40,789 --> 00:24:38,159
to four inches in length and this

629
00:24:43,190 --> 00:24:40,799
particular gap here can expand anywhere

630
00:24:45,830 --> 00:24:43,200
from one to two inches to account for

631
00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:45,840
the heating that the titanium metal goes

632
00:24:50,470 --> 00:24:48,720
through as the airplane goes into cruise

633
00:24:51,909 --> 00:24:50,480
there's a couple other expansion joints

634
00:24:54,149 --> 00:24:51,919
on the airplane but this is the most

635
00:24:56,789 --> 00:24:54,159
significant one and the airplane grows

636
00:25:00,310 --> 00:24:56,799
one to two inches in width also because

637
00:25:02,789 --> 00:25:00,320
of the heating inside the engine because

638
00:25:05,909 --> 00:25:02,799
heated the core of the engine to 2000

639
00:25:08,149 --> 00:25:05,919
degrees and the afterburner to 3200

640
00:25:10,710 --> 00:25:08,159
degrees the engine actually grows six

641
00:25:13,029 --> 00:25:10,720
inches in length and a couple inches in

642
00:25:14,870 --> 00:25:13,039
width to accommodate this tremendous

643
00:25:16,310 --> 00:25:14,880
heating that it sustains for an hour and

644
00:25:17,830 --> 00:25:16,320
a half at a time

645
00:25:18,630 --> 00:25:17,840
how hot would the outside of the plane

646
00:25:19,350 --> 00:25:18,640
get

647
00:25:29,029 --> 00:25:19,360
the

648
00:25:31,110 --> 00:25:29,039
1200 degrees

649
00:25:32,789 --> 00:25:31,120
all right well caitlin's been uh heating

650
00:25:34,789 --> 00:25:32,799
this up caitlyn now see if that'll fit

651
00:25:38,230 --> 00:25:34,799
back through

652
00:25:39,990 --> 00:25:38,240
thing called thermal expansion stan can

653
00:25:41,190 --> 00:25:40,000
you tell us what's going on there yes

654
00:25:43,350 --> 00:25:41,200
i'd like to

655
00:25:44,870 --> 00:25:43,360
all metals will expand if we heat it

656
00:25:46,230 --> 00:25:44,880
from room temperature

657
00:25:48,390 --> 00:25:46,240
and as we go to higher and higher

658
00:25:50,149 --> 00:25:48,400
temperatures it expands more

659
00:25:52,390 --> 00:25:50,159
and there's a coefficient of thermal

660
00:25:53,990 --> 00:25:52,400
expansion where we can for each metal

661
00:25:56,630 --> 00:25:54,000
and it's slightly different and we can

662
00:25:58,630 --> 00:25:56,640
calculate exactly what the change that

663
00:26:00,549 --> 00:25:58,640
occurs if we know the temperature that's

664
00:26:03,029 --> 00:26:00,559
there great now katelyn dunk that in the

665
00:26:04,630 --> 00:26:03,039
water and see what happens

666
00:26:07,590 --> 00:26:04,640
all right now see if it'll fit through

667
00:26:10,149 --> 00:26:08,789
it fits back through that metal has

668
00:26:12,390 --> 00:26:10,159
cooled back down and it's gone back to

669
00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:12,400
its original shape really nice job well

670
00:26:14,950 --> 00:26:13,440
stan you ready to take a couple

671
00:26:19,669 --> 00:26:14,960
questions we'll try all right let's

672
00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:20,870
titanium

673
00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:23,200
well basically as i indicated earlier

674
00:26:28,710 --> 00:26:25,760
it's 93 of the airframe

675
00:26:30,390 --> 00:26:28,720
and uh so that's most of the airplane

676
00:26:32,789 --> 00:26:30,400
also what's sort of interesting we have

677
00:26:34,630 --> 00:26:32,799
talked about the engine made by pratt

678
00:26:36,950 --> 00:26:34,640
whitney uh about

679
00:26:39,830 --> 00:26:36,960
seven percent of that engine is titanium

680
00:26:41,269 --> 00:26:39,840
current engines are closer to 30 percent

681
00:26:42,950 --> 00:26:41,279
titanium

682
00:26:46,390 --> 00:26:42,960
wow all right well let's head back over

683
00:26:49,590 --> 00:26:47,990
now that's all the time we have for

684
00:26:51,750 --> 00:26:49,600
today i want to thank you all for being

685
00:26:55,590 --> 00:26:51,760
here i also want to thank the

686
00:26:57,590 --> 00:26:55,600
international titanium association and

687
00:27:02,870 --> 00:26:57,600
if you're looking forward to our next

688
00:27:07,350 --> 00:27:04,710
i'm beth wilson i'm one of the hosts of

689
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:07,360
stem 30. did you know that the national

690
00:27:12,070 --> 00:27:09,200
air and space museum actually has an

691
00:27:17,590 --> 00:27:12,080
artifact on mars

692
00:27:21,430 --> 00:27:19,350
actually the museum and the red planet

693
00:27:23,909 --> 00:27:21,440
have a really long history together it

694
00:27:25,590 --> 00:27:23,919
was a signal sent from mars that

695
00:27:28,710 --> 00:27:25,600
triggered the ribbon cutting that opened

696
00:27:30,950 --> 00:27:28,720
the museum in 1976

697
00:27:33,350 --> 00:27:30,960
later nasa transferred ownership of the

698
00:27:36,149 --> 00:27:33,360
viking lander to us so we actually have

699
00:27:38,149 --> 00:27:36,159
an artifact on mars

700
00:27:40,389 --> 00:27:38,159
this one here in the museum is a viking

701
00:27:42,070 --> 00:27:40,399
lander test article if you want to learn

702
00:27:43,909 --> 00:27:42,080
more about what's roving around on the

703
00:27:50,549 --> 00:27:43,919
red planet be sure to check out the next

704
00:27:55,110 --> 00:27:52,950
now if you enjoyed our interview with

705
00:27:57,110 --> 00:27:55,120
buzz carpenter there's a longer one that